What is GERD (Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease)?

GERD (Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease) is sometimes called GERD (from the English term esophageal starting with an E) or GORD (from the medical latin oesophageal starting with an O), is classified in the ICD (International Classification of Diseases), currently (2024) in it´s 11th edition, from the WHO (World Health Organization).

The entry DA22 Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease can be found here on the ICD Website.

DA22 Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease:

“DA22 Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease:

A condition which develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications
Exclusions from above levels (also apply to DA22.0 and DA22.1)
  • Endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases
  • Injury, poisoning or certain other consequences of external causes
  • Neoplasms
  • Certain infectious or parasitic diseases
  • Complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
  • Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders”

It is further classified into 2 categories

DA22.0 Non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

A disease condition in that patients have classic symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but do not have apparent esophagitis or oesophageal mucosal injury.

Exclusions
Functional heartburn(DD90.2) (more on that in a separate article)

other terms:

NERD – [Non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease]
Oesophageal reflux NOS
and
DA22.1 Erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is defined endoscopically by visible breaks of the distal oesophageal mucosa.

Inclusions
  • Reflux oesophagitis
  • Peptic oesophagitis
Matching Terms
  • alkaline reflux disease
  • Reflux oesophagitis
  • oesophageal reflux with oesophagitis
  • alkaline reflux oesophagitis
  • Erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with complication
  • Erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, with stenosis
  • Erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, without complication
  • Erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, with haemorrhage
  • Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with oesophagitis and erosion

There is also a category another category “unspecified”:

DA22.Z Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, unspecified

All Index Terms
  • Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, unspecified
  • Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
  • GORD – [gastro-oesophageal reflux disease]
  • gastroesophageal reflux disease
  • acid reflux disease
  • acid reflux
  • GERD – [gastro-oesophageal reflux disease]
  • Cardio-oesophageal relaxation
  • cardiochalasia
  • chalasia
  • chalasia of cardia
  • chalasia of lower oesophageal sphincter
  • relaxation of lower oesophageal sphincter
  • Neuhauser-Berenberg syndrome

The unspecified category seems to be very much related to the general category.

Here also the functional heartburn category

DD90.2 Functional heartburn

Functional heartburn is a disorder having no structural abnormalities and absence of gastroesophageal reflux for heartburn, characterised by burning retrosternal discomfort or pain.

Exclusions
heartburn NOS
Further categorized in the ICD is
MD95 Heartburn
Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the oesophagus.
further:

  • MD90 Nausea or vomiting
  • MD91 Belching
  • MD92 Dyspepsia
  • MD93 Dysphagia
  • MD94 Halitosis
  • MD95 Heartburn
Interesting enough, LPR – Laryngopharingeal Reflux, also called respiratory reflux, or silent reflux are not mentioned in the ICD catalogue.

To mention for completeness, there is a different category for newborn reflux and pregnancy reflux, not further mentioned here, as the topic of this site is reflux and reflux related conditions in adults. If those are in your area of interest, just follow the links provided, and you will find the subsequent links.

 

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